Thus Aristotle classified listeners into those who would be using the speech to make decisions about past events, those who would make decisions affecting the future, and those who would evaluate the speaker’s skills. A member of the assembly decides about future events, a juryman about past events: while those who merely decide on the orator’s skill are observers. The hearer must be either a judge, with a decision to make about things past or future, or an observer. For of the three elements in speech-making-speaker, subject, and person addressed-it is the last one, the hearer, that determines the speech’s end and object. Rhetoric falls into three divisions, determined by the three classes of listeners to speeches. An effective listener is able to adapt his or her listening style to the context. Even Aristotle, as long ago as 325 BC, recognized that listeners in his audience were varied in listening style The preferred focus of a listener’s attention in a given situation. If listening were easy, and if all people went about it in the same way, the task for a public speaker would be much easier. Understand the nature of listening styles.In this chapter, we will examine listening versus hearing, listening styles, listening difficulties, listening stages, and listening critically. As a result, your listening skills may not be all they could be. As a student, you most likely spend many hours in a classroom doing a large amount of focused listening, yet sometimes it is difficult to apply those efforts to communication in other areas of your life. You may have heard the adage, “We have two ears but only one mouth”-an easy way to remember that listening can be twice as important as talking. How to talk so people really listen: Four ways to make yourself heard. In other words, the better you listen, the more you’ll be listened to.” Jarvis, T. The final piece of advice is this: “You can’t go wrong by showing interest in what other people say and making them feel important. More recently, O, the Oprah Magazine featured a cover article with the title, “How to Talk So People Really Listen: Four Ways to Make Yourself Heard.” This title leads us to expect a list of ways to leave the listening to others and insist that they do so, but the article contains a surprise ending. While many Americans look upon being active as something to admire, to engage in, and to excel at, listening is often understood as a “passive” activity. We sometimes think that listening means we only have to sit back, stay barely awake, and let a speaker’s words wash over us. “Are you listening to me?” This question is often asked because the speaker thinks the listener is nodding off or daydreaming.
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